The Study of Geo Science from Local, National & Global Point of View

  V.S.P.VAMSI

Earth sciences, the fields of study concerned with the solid Earth, its waters, and the air that envelops it. Included are the geologic, hydrologic, and atmospheric sciences. The occurrence of seashells embedded in the hard rocks of high mountains aroused the curiosity of early naturalists and eventually set off a controversy on the origin of fossils that continued through the 17th century. Xenophanes of Colophon (flourished c. 560 BCE) was credited by later writers with observing that seashells occur “in the midst of earth and in mountains.” He is said to have believed that these relics originated during a catastrophic event that caused the earth to be mixed with the sea and then to settle, burying organisms in the drying mud. For these views Xenophanes is sometimes called the father of paleontology. Petrified wood was described by Chinese scholars as early as the 9th century CE, and about1080 Shen Gua cited fossilized plants as evidence for change in climate. Other kinds of fossils that attracted the attention of early Chinese writers include spiriferoid brachiopods (“stone swallows”), cephalopods, crabs, and the bones and teeth of reptiles, birds, and mammals. Although these objects were commonly collected simply as curiosities or for medicinal purposes, Shen Gua recognized marine invertebrate fossils for what they are and for what they imply historically. Observing seashells in strata of the Taihang Mountains, he concluded that this region, though now far from the sea, must once have been a shore.

Keywords- Geo Science

Unique Identification Number - IJEDR2003019
Page Number(s) - 119-132
Pubished in - Volume 8 | Issue 3 | August 2020
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) -   
Publisher - IJEDR (ISSN - 2321-9939)

  V.S.P.VAMSI,   "The Study of Geo Science from Local, National & Global Point of View", International Journal of Engineering Development and Research (IJEDR), ISSN:2321-9939, Volume.8, Issue 3, pp.119-132, August 2020, Available at :http://www.ijedr.org/papers/IJEDR2003019.pdf